Effect of Mesoporous Catalysts on the Mainstream Tobacco Smoke of 3R4F and 1R5F Reference Cigarettes
Antonio Marcilla Gomis,
Amparo Gómez Siurana,
Deseada Berenguer Muñoz,
Isabel Martínez Castellanos,
Maribel Beltrán
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2015
Pages:
1-18
Received:
16 February 2015
Accepted:
2 March 2015
Published:
8 March 2015
Abstract: The effect of three synthesised mesoporous catalysts (a SBA-15 and two MCM-41) on the smoke of two reference tobaccos (1R5F and 3R4F) has been studied. Mixtures of the catalysts and each tobacco were smoked under the ISO 3388 standard conditions. The gaseous compounds and the particulate matter condensed in the filter tip (TPM-F) and in a trap located downstream (TPM-T) from the mainstream smoke were analysed separately. The results obtained show that these catalysts directly mixed with tobacco are capable of reducing the yield of most of the compounds studied in the mainstream tobacco smoke. SBA-15 is a better additive for reducing the amount of the compounds analysed in 1R5F and 3R4F tobaccos, both in the liquid fraction (TPM-F and TPM-T) and in the gas fraction. The effect of the studied catalysts is higher on the full-flavour cigarette than on the ultra-low one. As an example, the reductions observed for CO and nicotine in TPM-T from 3R4F as a consequence of the SBA-15 addition were 46% and 77%, respectively. Thus, although the three checked materials are able to provide noticeable reductions, the best is the one having the higher size of pores (SBA-15).
Abstract: The effect of three synthesised mesoporous catalysts (a SBA-15 and two MCM-41) on the smoke of two reference tobaccos (1R5F and 3R4F) has been studied. Mixtures of the catalysts and each tobacco were smoked under the ISO 3388 standard conditions. The gaseous compounds and the particulate matter condensed in the filter tip (TPM-F) and in a trap loca...
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Simulation of the Solubility of SO2 on Water Using CFD Modeling Airlift Reactor
Rana R. AL-Hussari,
Ahad D. AL-Fatlawy,
Mohammed H. Al-Aqad
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2015
Pages:
19-24
Received:
11 February 2015
Accepted:
16 March 2015
Published:
14 April 2015
Abstract: Nowadays, petroleum and power plants emissions are increasingly recognized as a serious, worldwide public concern. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest to find solutions to decrease SO2 and the sulfur dioxide emissions from petroleum and electricity facilities. So far, several attempts have been made to figure out methods, procedures or techniques to lessen the emissions of SO2 which requires high cost to develop these techniques. However, the current research provides a solution to this issue through simulation, which allows new ways to test and diagnose these methods, procedures with low cost and danger. Nevertheless, solubility of SO2 in water may consider as conventional approach while sulfur dioxide of SO2 is a soluble gas in water, which can be oxidized through cloud and fog by producing sulfuric acid. Finally, this paper offers a new way to test SO2 solubility through using CFD modeling Airlift reactors.
Abstract: Nowadays, petroleum and power plants emissions are increasingly recognized as a serious, worldwide public concern. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest to find solutions to decrease SO2 and the sulfur dioxide emissions from petroleum and electricity facilities. So far, several attempts have been made to figure out methods, procedu...
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