-
The Exploration of Biasing Voltage Range on Implantable Microscale Electrochemical Sensors for Post-Surgery Cancer Recurrence Monitoring
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
74-79
Received:
11 December 2015
Published:
11 December 2015
Abstract: Cancer surgery prognosis currently relies heavily on expensive diagnostics devices that have limited availability to patients. Minute-to-minute cancer recurrence monitoring device is needed. This paper investigates a novel design and simulation of Implantable micro-scale, minute-to-minute sensors of low manufacture cost. In Cadence simulation software, electrochemical sensor array circuit in 0.35 micron complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process was designed. The simulated circuit supported both pH ISFET sensor and soluble oxygen level O2-FET sensor. The simulation result showed that the circuit’s output voltage has optimal sensitivity when ISFET Vgate was biased at range of 2.29-2.49 volts. The output voltage in this biasing scheme varies linearly with the input voltage Vgate making it ideal region for monitoring of cancer. The appropriate biasing of ISFET Vgate voltage found by simulation is within 2.29-2.49 volts. In the case of pH measurements, the sensitivity can be up to 0.02 pH in a minute-to-minute pH probing device for cancer prognosis tracking. Other chemical probes such as O2-FET and Oct4 sensors are also supported by the device architecture.
Abstract: Cancer surgery prognosis currently relies heavily on expensive diagnostics devices that have limited availability to patients. Minute-to-minute cancer recurrence monitoring device is needed. This paper investigates a novel design and simulation of Implantable micro-scale, minute-to-minute sensors of low manufacture cost. In Cadence simulation softw...
Show More
-
Validation of the EcH2O Electron-Activated Reactor for Purifying Contaminated Water in Parkersburg (West Virginia)
Stephen Opoku-Duah,
Gordon Wells,
Wycliff Kipkemoi,
Ashley Wilcox,
Dennis Johnson,
Mark Wiley
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
80-88
Received:
16 November 2015
Accepted:
29 November 2015
Published:
16 December 2015
Abstract: This paper discusses validation of the EcH2O portable ‘batch-treatment’ electron-activated reactor field unit designed to purify contaminated water to make it safe and potable. The basic EcH2O system consists of a 90-gallon plastic reactor tank (trash can), ionized nitrogen-oxygen (NI-OXTM) vapor-ion plasma generator, and 1-micron electron separation (e-SEPTM) porous cartridge water filter. While the NI-OXTM generator applies UV radiation to activate and split ambient air into aggressive water treatment agents in the form of free electrons and charged dissolved vapor ions, the e-SEPTM cartridge is designed to absorb NI-OXTM treatment agents and solvated (free) electrons to induce filtration and rapid disinfection-kill of bacteria and other pathogens. The study started by creating a water quality database from contaminated surface water, EPA/West Virginia water quality standards, and Vienna City water. The EcH2O purifier was run 14 days/month from April-September 2014 and samples analyzed for chemical and bacteriological quality. When the results were matched against published data, EcH2O compared favorably with both EPA/West Virginia water quality standards and Vienna City water (R2 = 0.99; p<0.011; N = 13). The EcH2O purifier was found to be affordable and capable of delivering potable water to households in poor countries at about $0.27 per person per day with economic savings of nearly $7.00 at this rate.
Abstract: This paper discusses validation of the EcH2O portable ‘batch-treatment’ electron-activated reactor field unit designed to purify contaminated water to make it safe and potable. The basic EcH2O system consists of a 90-gallon plastic reactor tank (trash can), ionized nitrogen-oxygen (NI-OXTM) vapor-ion plasma generator, and 1-micron electron separati...
Show More
-
Biodiesel Production from Jatropha Seeds
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
89-98
Received:
18 November 2015
Accepted:
27 November 2015
Published:
16 December 2015
Abstract: This work was performed to extract oil from Jatropha seeds and to study the optimum conditions of extraction. The extraction process was observed with regard to oil yield percent versus time to calculate the kinetic and thermodynamic parameter. On the other hand, Jatropha oil was used as feed stock for biodiesel production by alkali catalyzed methanolysis. The optimum condition for the production process was studied depending on the methyl ester content. The Jatropha biodiesel was blended with 10, 15, and 25% with petroleum diesel and the thermo-physical properties were studied. All the measured properties of Jatropha oil and biodiesel are determined by international standards ASTM6751-07b, with exception of lower oxidation stability.
Abstract: This work was performed to extract oil from Jatropha seeds and to study the optimum conditions of extraction. The extraction process was observed with regard to oil yield percent versus time to calculate the kinetic and thermodynamic parameter. On the other hand, Jatropha oil was used as feed stock for biodiesel production by alkali catalyzed metha...
Show More
-
Physicochemical and Spectral Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated 4-Methylbenzoic Acid
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi,
Alice Branton,
Dahryn Trivedi,
Gopal Nayak,
Ragini Singh,
Snehasis Jana
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
99-106
Received:
30 October 2015
Accepted:
9 November 2015
Published:
21 December 2015
Abstract: The present study was aimed to analyse the impact of biofield energy treatment on the physicochemical and spectral properties of 4-MBA. The compound was divided into two parts which are referred as the control and treated sample. The treated sample was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment and analysed with respect to the control sample. The various analytical techniques used were X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and UV-visible spectroscopy. The XRD data revealed the alteration in the relative intensities of the peaks as well as reduction in the average crystallite size (24.62%) of the treated sample as compared to the control. The surface area analysis revealed a slight reduction in the surface area of the treated sample. The differential scanning calorimetry analysis reported a slight increase in the melting point while significant reduction in the latent heat of fusion of the treated sample (39.96 J/g) as compared to the control (133.72 J/g). Moreover, the TGA thermogram of the treated sample revealed the reduction in the onset temperature and maximum thermal degradation temperature as compared to the control. However, the FT-IR and UV-Vis spectra of treated sample did not show any significant alteration as compared to their respective control spectra. The overall data indicated the improved physical and thermal properties of the biofield treated 4-MBA sample that might be helpful in increasing the reaction kinetics, where it will be used as a reaction intermediate.
Abstract: The present study was aimed to analyse the impact of biofield energy treatment on the physicochemical and spectral properties of 4-MBA. The compound was divided into two parts which are referred as the control and treated sample. The treated sample was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment and analysed with respect to the control sam...
Show More
